| Soluble IL-1 Receptor 4/ST2 (sIL-1R4/ST2) | |
| A Novel Biomarker for Heart Failure | |
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| ST2: a novel remodeling biomarker in acute and chronic heart failure | |
| ST2, a member of the interleukin-1 receptor family, is a novel biomarker of mechanical stress measurable in serum that has been shown in animal and in vitro models to be physiologically linked to cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis, and ventricular dysfunction. In patients with acute myocardial infarction and heart failure (HF), an elevated serum level of the soluble isoform of ST2 is associated with an increased risk of mortality or future HF, independent of natriuretic peptides, and correlates with markers of ventricular structure and function. In acute HF, elevated soluble ST2 levels strongly associate with the presence and severity of the disease and forecast short- and long-term mortality independent of other traditional clinical, biochemical, and echocardiographic markers of risk. This review discusses the biology and physiology of ST2, as well as its implications on the pathogenesis and prognosis of patients with acute coronary syndromes or acute and chronic HF syndromes. | |
| Shah RV, Januzzi JL Jr. Curr Heart Fail Rep. 2010 Mar;7(1):9-14. | |
| Association of ST2 levels with cardiac structure and function and mortality in outpatients | |
BACKGROUND: ST2, an interleukin-1 receptor family member up-regulated in the setting of cardiomyocyte strain, has prognostic value in patients with acute myocardial infarction, chronic severe heart failure, and acute heart failure. The predictive value of ST2 levels in outpatients is unknown. We studied the clinical and echocardiographic correlates of ST2 levels and evaluated their prognostic use in outpatients referred for echocardiograms. METHODS: ST2 levels were measured in 588 outpatients referred for echocardiogram. Subjects were analyzed by quartile as well as by optimal ST2 cut-point (28.25 ng/mL) derived from receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. All-cause death at 1 year was the primary outcome. RESULTS: In this cohort with mean age of 68 ± 12 years and median ST2 level of 19.8 ng/mL (interquartile range 15.8-23.7), 25 deaths occurred. Heart rate, creatinine clearance, use of diuretics, and the presence of right ventricular hypokinesis were independently associated with ST2 levels. At 6 months, no patients with ST2 below the median had died. Patients with high ST2 levels had an increased risk of death (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 2.5, P = .02); those with elevated levels of both ST2 and B-type natriuretic peptide were at even higher risk (adjusted HR 4.3, P = .01 vs none elevated). CONCLUSIONS: ST2 levels reflect right-side heart size and function and are independent predictors of 1-year mortality in outpatients referred for echocardiograms. The optimal cut-point derived in this cohort is comparable with the previously identified prognostic cut-point for sicker patients. ST2 may be an especially strong prognostic marker for short-term mortality risk. |
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| Daniels LB, et al. Am Heart J. 2010 Oct;160(4):721-8. | |
| Interleukin-33, a Novel Member of the IL-1/IL-18 Cytokine Family, in Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery | |
| Interleukin-33 is a newly recognized cytokine of the IL-1 family. Unlike its other members IL-1α, IL-1β and IL-18, interleukin-33 induces predominantly Th2-skewed immune responses. In this context, the effects of IL-33 are mostly anti-inflammatory. However, depending on the actual cytokine and cellular milieu, IL-33 can promote both Th1 and Th2 immune reactions. Most importantly for cardiology and cardiac surgery, IL-33 has emerged to represent the as yet unknown ligand of the orphan receptor ST2. Before the advent of IL-33, the ST2 receptor, currently recognized as the soluble one of its two isoforms, was considered to be an unfavorable prognostic marker in myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure and trauma/sepsis shock patients. Now we know that IL-33, when bound to the cellular membrane-anchored ST2L isoform of the receptor, can have certain beneficial effects on the aforementioned conditions. Various forms of IL-33 interaction with the respective isoforms of its cognate receptor are discussed here. The focus is on physiological and prognostic values in cardiac patients. | |
| Kunes P, et al. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2010 Dec;58(8):443-9. Epub 2010 Nov 26. | |
| Human Soluble ST2/IL-1R4ELISA Kit Code No.: SK00120-06 Size: 96T Price: $360.00 USD Standard Range:31-800 pg/mL Sensitivity:15 pg/mL Sample Type: serum, EDTA Plasma Sample volume: 100 uL Dilution factor: 8-16 (Optimal dilutions should be determined by each laboratory for each application) IntraCV: 4-6% InterCV: 8-12% Protocol: PDF |
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Mouse Soluble ST2/IL-1R4ELISA Kit Code No.: SK00120-03 Size: 96T Price: $360.00 USD Standard Range: 0.312-20 ng/mL Sensitivity:0.15 ng/mL Sample Type: serum, EDTA Plasma Sample volume: 100 uL Dilution factor: 5 IntraCV: 4-6% InterCV: 8-12% Protocol: PDF |
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| Name | Code No. |
Size |
Price ($) |
| Soluble ST2/IL-1R4 (Human) ELISA Kit | 96 T |
360.00 |
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| Human Soluble ST2/IL-1R4 Ultra-sensitive ELISA Kit | SK00120-02 |
96 T |
420.00 |
| Mouse Soluble ST2/IL-1R4 ELISA Kit | 96 T |
360.00 |
|
| Human Soluble IL-1R1 ELISA Kit | 96 T |
360.00 |
|
| Human Soluble IL-1R2ELISA Kit | 96 T |
360.00 |
|
| Human ST2/IL-1R4 Rec. (human cells derived) | 00120-09-10 |
10 ug |
90.00 |
| Human ST2/IL-1R4 Rec. (human cells derived) | 00120-09-20 |
20 ug |
160.00 |
| Human ST2/ Fc Rec. (human cells derived) | 00120-10-10 |
10 ug |
90.00 |
| Human ST2, Rec. (human cells derived) | 00120-06-10 |
10 ug |
100.00 |
| Rabbit Anti ST2 (Human) IgG | A00120-06-25 |
25 ug |
150.00 |
| Mouse Soluble ST2/IL-1R4 ELISA Kit | 96 T |
360.00 |